4 a - The open web
The web pages we find when we search Google are generally accessible to all users of the Internet. They have typically been placed there by
- private individuals
- commercial organisations
- political organisations
- non-government organisations
- educational institutions
- governments
- media organisations
Reasons for making material freely available vary also
- public service
- social cooperation and networking
- commercial promotion or marketing
- public education
- social or political advocacy
4 b - Scholarly information
Written information that is produced by, and used in, the research process has certain typical characteristics
- it is the work of clearly identified individuals and groups
- it has (or should have) undergone stringent quality control and editing processes
- it continues to inhabit a structured hierarchy of documents with journal articles generally at the apex
- unlike other web sources it is supposed to be "immutable" - a "version of record" should exist
- consequently it makes very strong truth claims
- it is generally copyrighted and access to it may be restricted to licensed users
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